Metal card

ABSTRACT

A card core includes a body defining a cutout and a discontinuity. The cutout includes an opening in the body defined by an edge and the discontinuity includes a channel defined by the body extending from an outer surface of the body to the cutout. At least one circuit element is positioned within the cutout. The cutout defines a size and geometry such that a gap is defined between the at least one circuit element and the edge to electromagnetically isolate the at least one circuit element from the body.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a national phase entry under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of international patent application no. PCT/US2019/020919, filed Mar. 6, 2019 which claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to ef U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/639,535, filed Mar. 7, 2018, and entitled “DUAL INTERFACE METAL CARD,” the entireties of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

Information carrying cards provide identification, authentication, data storage and application processing. Such cards or parts include key cards, identification cards, telephone cards, credit cards, bankcards, tags, bar code strips, other smart cards and the like.

Current information carrying cards use plastic or other polymer material cores. Current materials fail to provide a desired tactile response and strength. For example, information carrying cards need to withstand flexing to protect identifying components from damage as well as offer good durability during use. In addition, information carrying cards should be appealing, in terms of appearance and feel, to the end user, in order to facilitate use and adoption of the information carrying card. The use of conductive materials for information carrying cards has been disfavored due to coupling (i.e., inductive, conductive, etc.) between circuit elements and the conductive material when used to form an information carrying card.

SUMMARY

In various embodiments, a card core is disclosed. The card core includes a body defining a cutout and a discontinuity. The cutout includes an opening in the body defined by an edge and discontinuity includes a channel defined by the body extending from an outer surface of the body to the cutout. At least one circuit element is positioned within the cutout. The cutout defines a size and geometry such that a gap is defined between the at least one circuit element and the edge to electromagnetically isolate the at least one circuit element from the body.

In various embodiments, a credential card is disclosed. The credential card includes a card core having a body defining a cutout and a discontinuity. The cutout includes an opening in the body defined by an edge and discontinuity includes a channel defined by the body extending from an outer surface of the body to the cutout. At least one circuit element is positioned within the cutout. The cutout defines a size and geometry such that a gap is defined between the at least one circuit element and the edge to electromagnetically isolate the at least one circuit element from the body. The credential card further includes a first material layer disposed over a first side of the card core and a second material layer disposed over a second side of the card core. The first material layer and the second material layer are each coupled to the body of the card core in a first region of the credential card and the first material layer is coupled to the second material layer in a second region of the credential card. The second region is substantially aligned with the cutout defined by the body of the card core.

In various embodiments, a method of forming a credential card is disclosed. The method includes a step of forming a cutout in a body of a card core. The cutout includes an opening in the body defined by an edge. A sinuous line discontinuity is formed in the body of the card core and includes a channel defined by the body extending from an outer surface of the body to the cutout. At least one circuit element is positioned within the cutout. The cutout defines a size and geometry such that a gap is defined between at least one circuit element and the edge to electromagnetically isolate the at least one circuit element from the body. A first material layer is positioned over a first side of the card core and a second material layer is positioned over a second side of the card core. The first material layer and the second material layer are coupled to the body of the card core in a first region and the first material layer is coupled to the second material layer in a second region. The second region is substantially aligned with the cutout defined by the body of the card core.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

Aspects of the present disclosure are best understood from the following detailed description when read with the accompanying figures. It is noted that, in accordance with the standard practice in the industry, various features are not drawn to scale. In fact, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily increased or reduced for clarity of discussion.

FIG. 1 illustrates a front view of a card core of a dual interface card defining a cutout and a sinuous line discontinuity, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates the card core of FIG. 1 including a first circuit element positioned in a first portion of the cutout and contact pads formed in a second portion of the cutout, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3 illustrates a front view of the card core of FIG. 2 having a second circuit element coupled to the contact pads formed in the second portion of the cutout, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of forming a credential card including a card core, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a credential core including the card core of FIG. 2 and a thermoplastic layer disposed on a first side of the card core, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 6 illustrates a card core having a sinuous line discontinuity including a first straight line segment and a second straight line segment defining a single flexible finger, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 7 illustrates a card core having an sinuous line discontinuity including an extended straight line portion and a truncated straight line portion, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 8 illustrates a card core having a straight line discontinuity, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 9 illustrates an card core defining a cutout including a portion extending from a first edge of the card core, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 10 illustrates a finished credential card incorporating the card core of FIG. 9, in accordance with some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure generally relates to a dual interface metal card having a current notch formed therein to reduce eddy currents generated in a metal card core. The dual interface metal card has a circuit core positioned between a first metal portion and a second metal portion. The first and second metal portions each define a cutout, such as an antenna cutout. The first and second metal portions further define a discontinuity extending from the cutout to a first edge of the metal card core.

FIG. 1 illustrates a card core 2 of a dual interface card, in accordance with some embodiments. The card core 2 includes a body 4. In the illustrated embodiment, the body 4 includes a generally rectangular shape defined by a plurality of short edges 12 a, 12 b and a plurality of long edges 14 a, 14 b, although it will be appreciated that the metal core 2 can include any suitable shape, such as any suitable regular or irregular geometric shape (e.g., square, rectangle, circle, trapezoid, rhombus, triangle, etc.). The body 4 may include any suitable material, such as a metal material, a partially metal material, a conductive non-metal material, a non-conductive non-metal material, and/or any other suitable material. The body material may be selected to provide one or more predetermined features, such as a feel, strength, resiliency, harmonic, and/or other feature, to a card formed using the card core 2. Example materials include, but are not limited to, stainless steel, tungsten, spring steel, etc. In some embodiments, the body 4 may include a combination of conductive and/or non-conductive materials. Example non-conductive materials include, but are not limited to, wood, ceramics, non-conductive plastics, etc.

In some embodiments, the body 4 defines a void or cutout 8. The cutout 8 may include multiple portions each having separate geometries. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the cutout 8 includes a first portion 8 a defined by a circular opening in the body 4 and a second portion 8 b defined by a square opening in the body 4, although it will be appreciated that each of the cutout portions 8 a, 8 b may have any suitable geometry. As shown in FIG. 1, in some embodiments, two or more cutout portions 8 a, 8 b may overlap such that the first cutout portion 8 a is continuous with the second portion 8 b. In some embodiments, the cutout 8 is positioned adjacent to a first short edge 12 a of the card core 2.

In some embodiments, the body 4 may define a plurality of cutouts 8 each having one or more portions. The plurality of cutouts 8 may be spaced about the body 4 such that each of the cutouts is separated by a portion of the body 4. For example, in some embodiments, the body 4 may define a first cutout 8 as illustrated in FIG. 1 and a second cutout (not shown) located adjacent to a second short edge 12 b of the body 4. Although the card core embodiments discussed herein include a single cutout 8 defining multiple portions, it will be appreciated that the various structures, systems, and methods disclosed herein apply equally to card cores having multiple cutouts and are within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims.

Each portion 8 a, 8 b of the cutout 8 may be sized and configured to receive a circuit element therein. Each portion 8 a, 8 b of the cutout 8 defines an opening such that the a circuit element positioned within the cutout 8 can be effectively electromagnetically isolated from the surrounding material of the body 4. The effective spacing (or gap 26, see FIG. 2) between a circuit element and the edge 9 of the cutout 8 may vary based on the circuit element positioned within the cutout 8 (or a portion 8 a, 8 b thereof). For example, in some embodiments, each circuit element positioned within the cutout 8 may be spaced at least 300 microns, at least 500 microns, at least 700 microns, and/or any other suitable spacing from the edge 9 of the cutout 8 to effectively isolate a circuit element positioned within the cutout 8 from the material of the body 4. It will be appreciated that the spacing may be larger and/or smaller based on the circuit element positioned within the cutout 8 and/or properties of the card core 2 (for example, based on the material of the card core 2).

In some embodiments, the body 4 defines a sinuous line discontinuity 10 extending from an outer edge (such as first short edge 12 a) of the body 4 to an inner edge 10 of the cutout 8. The sinuous line discontinuity 10 includes a break or channel in the body 4 such that a continuous circular path does not exist within the body 4 that extends around the cutout 8. The sinuous line discontinuity 10 can include any suitable gap within the body 4 sufficient to effectively prevent electromagnetic coupling between a first edge 20 a and a second edge 20 b of the body 4 defining the sinuous line discontinuity 10. For example, in some embodiments, the sinuous line discontinuity 10 includes a channel having a width of about 300-900 microns, at least 300 microns, at least 500 microns, at least 700 microns, up to 1000 microns, up to 2000 microns, etc., although it will be appreciated that discontinuities of greater and/or lesser size can be used and are within the scope of this disclosure.

In some embodiments, the sinuous line discontinuity 10 defines a plurality of flexible fingers 22 a, 22 b, for example, a first flexible finger 22 a and a second flexible finger 22 b. the flexible fingers 22 a, 22 b may be arranged in a parallel relationship and are configured to provide a flex profile similar to the continuous portion of the body 4 when a force is applied to a card including the card core 2. For example, and as discussed in greater detail below, the card core 2 may be incorporated into a credential card, such as a credit card, biometric card, etc. The credential card may include a plurality of additional layers and/or materials, such as, for example, thermoplastic layers, adhesive layers, polymer layers, etc. The length and width of each of the flexible fingers 22 a, 22 b may be selected such that the portion of the credential card containing the sinuous line discontinuity 10 provides a flex profile similar to the solid portions of a finished credential card. The flexible fingers 22 a, 22 b are configured to prevent cracking, breaking, and/or deformation of the card core and/or additional material layers formed on and/or around the sinuous line discontinuity 10.

The sinuous line discontinuity 10 and the flexible fingers 22 a, 22 b are configured to distribute pressure applied to a finished credential card incorporating the card core 2 to allow bending in the finished credential card. The sinuous line discontinuity 10 and the flexible fingers 22 a, 22 b are selected so as to provide a flex profile similar to the remainder of the finished credential card (i.e., the portion of the credential card incorporating the solid sections of the body 4) to prevent cracking of any layer of the finished credential card when bending pressure is applied. The sinuous line discontinuity 10 prevents card stress and breakage by distributing the surface area and torque pressure of an applied force evenly across the finished credential card (and the card core 2), avoiding cracking and/or breakage in a finished credential card or similar card containing the card core 2.

In some embodiments, the flexible fingers 22 a, 22 b are sized and configured such that each flexible finger 22 a, 22 b is configured to flex out-of-plane at a maximum predetermined angle with respect to the an adjacent portion of the body 4. For example, in some embodiments, the each flexible finger 22 a, 22 b is configured to provide a flex profile that allows an out-of-plane flex of up to 120° with respect to an adjacent planar portion of the body 4. The flex profile of each of the flexible fingers 22 a, 22 b is selected to prevent cracking, marking, and/or permanent bending of a finished credential card that incorporates the card core 2 therein. In some embodiments, the flex profile is selected such that each flexible finger 22 a, 22 b provides a similar response in the area of the sinuous line discontinuity 10 as would be provided by a solid portion of the body 4 positioned in the same location, although it will be appreciated that each flexible finger 22 a, 22 b can provide a greater or lesser flex if necessary to provide a proper flex response of a finished credential card.

In some embodiments, the sinuous line discontinuity is configured to reduce and/or eliminate eddy currents generated in the body 4 during operation. For example, in some embodiments, exposure of a card core 2 comprising a metallic, semi-metallic, or other conductive material to one or more electromagnetic signals typically generates one or more eddy currents in the conductive body 4. Eddy currents flow in a closed loop within the conductor (e.g., body 4). The sinuous line discontinuity eliminates any conductive loop around the cutout 8 and effectively reduces the area available for eddy currents. The sinuous line discontinuity effectively reduces and/or eliminates eddy currents (and other signals) generated in and/or by the body 4. Although a single sinuous line discontinuity is illustrated, it will be appreciated that a card core 2 can include a plurality of cutouts 8 each having one or more discontinuities 10 extending from an outer edge 12 a, 12 b, 14 a, 14 b of the body 4.

In some embodiments, the sinuous line discontinuity 10 includes a plurality of curved portions 34 a-34 d coupled by a plurality of substantially straight portions 36 a-36 c. The plurality of substantially straight portions 36 a-36 c each extend substantially parallel to each other over a predetermine length of the card core 2. In some embodiments, the sinuous line discontinuity 10 defines a smooth, repetitive oscillating curve (e.g., a sinusoidal curve), although it will be appreciated that the discontinuity 10 can include sharp (e.g., non-smooth) curved portions and/or non-parallel portions and such sinuous line discontinuity 10 is within the scope of this disclosure. In various embodiments, the card core 2 can include a plurality of cutouts 8 each having at least one sinuous line discontinuity 10 extending from an inner edge of the cutout 9 to an outer edge 12 a, 12 b 14 a, 14 b of the body 4.

For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the sinuous line discontinuity 10 includes a first portion 38 extending from the cutout 8, a plurality of substantially straight portions 34 a-34 c extending at a non-parallel angle with respect to the first portion 38, a plurality of curved portions 32 a-32 d coupling the substantially straight portions 34 a-34 cm each having a predetermined curvature over a predetermined area, and an second portion 40 extending at a predetermined angle with respect to the substantially straight portions 36 a-36 c to a first edge 12 a of the card core 2. It will be appreciated that the curved portions 32 a-32 d can include any suitable curvature, such as, for example, any curvature between 45°-315°, 135°-225°, 160°-200°, 90°-270° and/or any other suitable curvature. It will be appreciated that the a card core 2 can include additional and/or different discontinuities, for example, as illustrated in FIGS. 5-6.

The cutout 8 and/or the sinuous line discontinuity 10 may be formed using any suitable method. For example, in various embodiments, the cutout 8 and/or the sinuous line discontinuity 10 may be formed using one or more of a milling technique, an etching technique, a molding technique, and/or any other suitable technique. It will be appreciated that the cutout 8 and the sinuous line discontinuity 10 may be formed using the same and/or different techniques. In some embodiments, the sinuous line discontinuity 10 is formed in the card core 2 prior to the card core 2 receiving any circuit elements within the cutouts 8.

FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate the card core 2 of FIG. 1 having a plurality of circuit elements positioned within the cutout 8, in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 2, in some embodiments, a first circuit element 16 a, such as an antenna 18, may be positioned within a first portion 8 a of a cutout 8. The antenna 18 includes a plurality of concentric wire coils. The antenna 18 can include any suitable antenna, such as a printed antenna including one or more circular coils. Although a generally circular antenna is illustrated, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the antenna 18 can have any suitable shape and/or any suitable number of windings (or coils). In some embodiments, the first circuit element 16 a can include a minimum thickness, such as, for example, a thickness between 50 and 100 microns, between 75 and 90 microns, and/or any other suitable thickness. The thickness of the first circuit element 16 a may be less than, greater than, and/or equal to the thickness of the card core 2.

The first circuit element 16 a is positioned within the first cutout portion 8 a such that a gap 26 is maintained between the edge 9 of the cutout 8 and the outer edge of the first circuit element 16 a. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the antenna 8 is positioned to ensure a gap 26 suitable gap, such as at least 300 microns, at least 500 microns, at least 700 microns, 300-900 microns, up to 1000 microns, up to 2000 microns, and/or any other suitable gap is maintained between an outer coil of the antenna 18 and the edge 9. Although specific embodiments are discussed herein with respect to the illustrated circuit elements, it will be appreciated that the gap 26 can include any gap sufficient to electromagnetically isolate the first circuit element 16 a from the material of the body 4.

In some embodiments, the gap 26 is selected based on one or more dimensions of the card core 2 and/or a credential card formed from the card core 2. For example, in some embodiments, the gap 26 is a distance equal to at least the width of a finished credential card formed using the card core 2. A finished credential card may have any thickness sufficient to contain the card core 2, one or more circuit elements positioned within the cutout 8, and/or any additional layers formed around the card core 2. For example, a finished credential card may have a thickness of at least 700 microns, at least 750 microns, at least 800 microns, etc.

In some embodiments, the first circuit element 16 a is coupled to a plurality of contact pads 24 a, 24 b positioned within the second cutout portion 8 b of the cutout by a plurality of leads 28 a, 28 b. The contact pads 24 a, 24 b are sized and configured to couple a second circuit element 16 b (see FIG. 3), positioned within the second cutout portion 8 b, to the first circuit element 16 a. The contact pads 24 a, 24 b are positioned within the second cutout portion 8 b to allow the second circuit element 16 b to be coupled to the contact pads 24 a, 24 b while maintaining at least a second predetermined gap 30 (see FIG. 3) between the edge 9 of the cutout 8 and the second circuit element 16 b. In some embodiments, the contact pads 24 a, 24 b are omitted and the second circuit element 16 b may be directly coupled or not coupled to the first circuit element 16 a.

In some embodiments, the first circuit element 16 a, the contact pads 24 a, 24 b, and the leads 28 a, 28 b are formed integrally on a supporting film 17 (see FIG. 5). The supporting film 17 is sized and configured to be received within the cutout 8 while maintain the predetermined gaps 26, 30 between the circuit elements 16 a, 16 b and the edge 9 of the cutout 8. The first circuit element 16 a, the contact pads 24 a, 24 b, and/or the leads 28 a, 28 b may be formed integrally on the supporting film 17 using any suitable formation method. For example, in some embodiments, the first circuit element 16 a, the contact pads 24 a, 24 b and/or the leads 28 a, 28 b are printed circuit elements that are printed onto the supporting film 17 using a process to print conductive traces and/or other materials. Although embodiments are discussed herein including printed circuit elements, it will be appreciated that the first circuit element 16 a, the contact pads 24 a, 24 b and/or the leads 28 a, 28 b may be formed using any suitable method.

FIG. 3 illustrates the card core 2 of FIG. 2 having a second circuit element 16 b positioned within a second portion 8 b of the cutout 8. The second circuit element 16 b can include any suitable circuit element, such as, for example, an active circuit element (e.g., a direct contact System-on-Chip (SoC) element) 32. The second circuit element 16 b may be positioned over and coupled to the contact pads 24 a, 24 b positioned within the second cutout 8 b. The second circuit element 16 b is electromagnetically isolated from the body 4 of the card core 2. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the direct contact SoC element 32 is limited to direct contact coupling between the SoC element 32 and the antenna 18 and does not include any inductive coupling elements, effectively isolating the SoC element 32 from the material of the body 4. In some embodiments, the second circuit element 16 b may be positioned a predetermined distance from the edge 9 of the cutout 8 such that a second circuit element 16 b capable of inductive, conductive, or other contactless coupling is effectively isolated from the material of the body 4.

In some embodiments, the contact pads 24 a, 24 b and the first circuit element 16 a are maintained in a co-planar relationship (i.e., are parallel with respect to a plane defined by the body 4). When the contact pads 24 a, 24 b and the first circuit element 16 a are co-planar, a second circuit element 16 b coupled to the contact pads 24 a, 24 b will be positioned out-of-plane (i.e., above or below) the first circuit element 16 a. In such embodiments, the second circuit element 16 b is coupled to the first circuit element 16 a only through the leads 28 a, 28 b and does not include any additional coupling (i.e., inductive, conductive, etc.) between the second circuit element 16 b and the first circuit element 16 a.

In some embodiments, the second circuit element 16 b includes a second antenna (not shown). The second antenna can have a different configuration as compared to the antenna 16 (e.g., greater and/or lesser antenna area, larger/smaller material, different shape, etc.) such that the second antenna produce different responses as compared to the antenna 16 when each is simultaneously exposed to the same electromagnetic signal.

In some embodiments, the card core 2 and the plurality of circuit elements 16 a, 16 b positioned within the cutout 8 can be coupled between one or more additional layers, materials, and/or surfaces to form a credential core and/or a finished credential card (e.g., a credit/debit card, and ATM or bank card, an identification card, a state issued license or identification (e.g., driver's license), a security badge, a loyalty card, biometric card, etc.). The additional layers can include any suitable materials, such as, for example, metal, plastic, vinyl, and/or other materials.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method 100 of forming a credential card including a card core 2, in accordance with some embodiments. At step 102, a card core 2 including a body 4 defining at least one cutout 8 is formed. The card core 2 can be formed using any suitable technique, such as, for example, pressing, stamping, milling, molding, etc. In some embodiment, the body 4 is formed defining the cutout 8. In other embodiments, a solid body is formed and the cutout 8 is subsequently formed in the solid body using any suitable technique, such as, for example, milling, drilling, etching, cutting, etc.

At step 104, a sinuous line discontinuity 10 is formed in the body 4 extending from a first edge 12 a of the body 4 to the cutout 8. The sinuous line discontinuity 10 can be formed using any suitable technique, such as, for example, etching, stamping, laser cutting, mechanical cutting (milling or other mechanical/contact cutting), water-jet cutting, etc. The sinuous line discontinuity 10 includes one or more curves 34 a, 34 b and one or more straight line segments 36 a-36 c. In some embodiments, the straight line segments 36 a-36 c are parallel and define a plurality of fingers 22 a, 22 b configured to provide a flex profile substantially similar to the flex profile of the body 4.

At optional step 106, a surface 5 of the body 4 may be treated to form one or more patterns and/or images on the surface. For example, in some embodiments, the surface of the body 4 may be etched, milled, and/or otherwise processed to form a predetermined pattern, images, pictures, symbols, trademarks, words, pictograms, or other visual indicators. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the surface 5 may be colorized using any suitable colorization process, such as, for example, inking, printing, sintering, etc. The colorization may be in combination with and/or alternative to the formation of one or more patterns or images through surface treatment. Although steps 102-106 are illustrated as separate steps, it will be appreciated that steps 102-106 may be integrated into and/or performed simultaneously one or more of steps 102-106, and each combination is within the scope of this disclosure.

At step 108, one or more circuit elements are positioned within the cutout 8 defined in the card core 2. For example, in some embodiments, a first circuit element 16 a, a plurality of contact pads 24 a, 24 b, and a plurality of leads 28 a, 28 b are formed on a circuit core using any suitable method. For example, the first circuit element 16 a, a plurality of contact pads 24 a, 24 b, and a plurality of leads 28 a, 28 b may include printed circuit elements formed on the circuit core. The circuit core is positioned within the cutout 8 such that a first gap 26 is defined between the first circuit element 16 a and the edge 9 of the cutout 8 to effectively electromagnetically isolate the first circuit element 16 a from the material of the body 4. The circuit core and/or the individual circuit elements may be positioned using any suitable method, such as, for example, by hand, by a pick-and-place method, and/or using any other suitable method. In some embodiments, a second circuit element 16 b may be positioned within the cutout 8, for example, within a second portion 8 b of the cutout 8 simultaneous with the placement of the first circuit element 16 a and/or the contact pads 24 a, 24 b.

At step 110, a credential core 200 including the card core 2 is formed. The credential core may be formed by coupling a thermoplastic layer 80 on a first side of the card core 2, as illustrated in FIG. 5. The thermoplastic layer 80 may be simultaneously coupled to the card core 2 and/or the circuit elements 16 a positioned therein so as to form a credential core 200. In some embodiments, the thermoplastic layer 80 is coupled to the card core 2 at a predetermined pressure and/or at a predetermined temperature. The thermoplastic layer 80 may include any suitable material, such as, for example, a moly-based material (e.g., molybendum), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a copolymer of vinyl chloride, polyolefin, polycarbonate, polyester, polyamide, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS), and the like. Examples of PVC films suitable for use with the invention are available from suppliers such as Klockner Pentaplast of America, Inc. of Gordonsville, Va.; and Shijiazhuang Eurochem Co. Ltd of China. Examples of such a vinyl chloride copolymer resin are available from Dow Chemical Company under trade name of UCAR®, and from BASF of Ludwigshafen, Germany under trade name of Laroflex®. In some embodiments, a material layer 82 may be positioned between the thermoplastic layer 80 and the card core 2. The material layer 82 may include any suitable material, such as, for example, a cross-linkable polymer, an adhesive, and/or any other suitable material. Examples of cross-linkable polymers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 9,275,321, granted on Mar. 1, 2016, and entitled “Information Carrying Card Comprising a Cross-Linked Polymer Composition, and Method of Making the Same,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

At optional step 112, a credential card may be formed by positioning one or more additional layers above and/or below the credential core formed at step 210. The additional layers may include any suitable materials or layers, such as, for example, image layers, sealing layers, thermoplastic layers, metal layers, conductive layers, non-conductive layers, and/or any other suitable layers. Although embodiments are discussed herein with respect to a single card core 2, a single credential core, and a single credential card, it will be appreciated that multiple card cores 2, credential cores, and/or credential cards may be formed simultaneously using any suitable process. Various processes for forming a credential card compatible with the metal card cores disclosed herein are disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. Appl. Pub. No. 2016/0152815, published Jun. 2, 2016, and is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. A credential card including a card core, such as a card core 2, disclosed herein can be formed using any suitable method. For example, in various embodiments, a credential card including a card core 2 may be formed using a cold laminate process, injection molding, milling, laser cutting, water-jet processes, etc.

At optional step 114, a portion of each layer positioned above the contact pads 24 a, 24 b may be removed to expose the contact pads and a second circuit element 16 b may be coupled to the contact pads 24 a, 24 b. The contact pads 24 a, 24 b may be exposed using any suitable process, such as, for example, etching, drilling, milling, etc. A portion of the credential card or card core may be removed around the contact pads 24 a, 24 b sufficient to allow a second circuit element 16 b, such as a direct contact SoC element 32, to be positioned with a surface parallel to a plane defined by a surface of the credential card and/or the card core (as illustrated in FIG. 3).

FIG. 6 illustrates a card core 2 a having a sinuous line discontinuity 10 a including a first straight line segment 36 a and a second straight line segment 36 b defining a single flexible finger 22, in accordance with some embodiments. The card core 2 a is similar to the card core 2 discussed above, and similar description is not repeated herein. The sinuous line discontinuity 10 a generally defines a curved path (e.g., a notch or channel) extending from an inner edge of the cutout 8 to an outer edge 12 a of the core card 2 a.

FIG. 7 illustrates a card core 2 b having an sinuous line discontinuity 10 b including an extended straight line portion 42 a and a truncated straight line portion 42 b, in accordance with some embodiments. The card core 2 b is similar to the metal card core 2 discussed above in conjunction with FIG. 5, and similar description is not repeated herein. The card core 2 b includes a sinuous line discontinuity 10 b coupled to a lower portion of the second portion 8 b of the cutout 8. A first substantially straight portion 42 a of the discontinuity 10 b has a longer length as compared to a first substantially straight portion 36 a of the sinuous line discontinuity 10 a of the card core 2 and a second straight portion 42 b has a substantially shorter length. The sinuous line discontinuity 10 b further includes a first portion 38 a extending from the cutout 8 and a second portion 38 b extending from the first edge 12 a, each disposed at a non-parallel and non-perpendicular angle with respect to each of the edges 12 a, 12 b, 14 a, 14 b of the card core 2 b.

FIG. 8 illustrates a card core 2 c including a straight line discontinuity 44, in accordance with some embodiments. The card core 2 c is similar to the card cores 2-2 b described above, and similar description is not repeated herein. The card core 2 c replaces the sinuous line discontinuity 10 with a straight line discontinuity 44 extending from an edge 9 of the cutout 8 to an edge 12 a of the card core 2 c. The straight line discontinuity 44 includes a thickness selected to effectively isolate a first side 20 a of the discontinuity 44 from a second side 20 b without substantially weakening the structure of the card core 2. For example, in various embodiments, the straight line discontinuity 44 includes a width (e.g., distance from first side 20 a to second side 20 b) of at least 300 microns, at least 500 microns, at least 700 microns, 300-900 microns, and/or any other suitable width.

FIG. 9 illustrates a card core 2 d including a cutout 58 extending to an edge 14 a of the card core 2 d, in accordance with some embodiments. The card core 2 d is substantially similar to the card core 2 described above, and similar description is not repeated herein. The card core 2 d includes a body 52 defining a cutout 58 including a first portion 58 a and a second portion 58 b. The body 52 extends substantially defined by a first short edge 12 a, a second short edge 12 b, a first long edge 14 a, and a second long edge 14 b. The cutout 58 extends from the first long edge 14 a into the body 52 such that the cutout 58 defines a portion of the first long edge 14 a of the card. As discussed above with respect to card core 2, one or more circuit elements may be positioned within any portion of the cutout 58 such that a gap (see FIGS. 2-3) sufficient to electrically isolate the circuit element from the card core 2 d is maintained.

In the illustrated embodiment, the cutout 58 includes a first portion 58 a having a first rectangular geometry extending between a first edge portion 60 a of the card core 2 d and a second edge portion 60 b and a second portion 58 b having a second rectangular geometry continuous with the first portion 58 a. Although specific embodiments are illustrated, it will be appreciated that the cutout 58 can include any number of portions defining any number of geometries, and such embodiments are within the scope of this disclosure.

In some embodiments, a portion of the cutout 58, such as the first portion 58 a, defines an embossable area 62. The embossable area 62 includes a portion of a card core 2 d and/or a finished credential card including the card core 2 d that may be subjected to known embossing techniques. For example, FIG. 10 illustrates a finished credential card 70 (i.e., a credit card) including an overlay layer 72 and an embossing 74 disposed within the embossable area 62. FIG. 10 further illustrates a circuit element 76, such as a direct contact SoC element, disposed within the second portion 58 b of the cutout 58. The finished credential card 70 may be formed using any known technique, such as, for example, the method 100 discussed above in conjunction with FIG. 4.

Although the subject matter has been described in terms of exemplary embodiments, it is not limited thereto. Rather, the appended claims should be construed broadly, to include other variants and embodiments, which may be made by those skilled in the art. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A card core, comprising: a body defining a cutout and a discontinuity, wherein the cutout includes an opening in the body defined by an edge, and wherein the discontinuity includes a channel defined by the body extending from an outer surface of the body to the cutout; at least one circuit element positioned within the cutout, wherein the cutout defines a size and geometry such that a gap is defined between the at least one circuit element and the edge to electromagnetically isolate the at least one circuit element from the body, wherein the discontinuity comprises a sinuous line discontinuity including at least one curved portion and at least one straight line portion.
 2. The card core of claim 1, wherein the sinuous line discontinuity defines at least one flexible finger configured to provide a flex profile similar to a continuous portion of the body when a force is applied to the card core.
 3. The credential card of claim 1, wherein the at least one curved portion defines a 180° curve.
 4. The credential card of claim 3, wherein the sinuous line discontinuity defines a smooth repetitive oscillating curve.
 5. The card core of claim 1, wherein the body comprises a conductive material.
 6. A card core, comprising: a body defining a cutout and a discontinuity, wherein the cutout includes an opening in the body defined by an edge, and wherein the discontinuity includes a channel defined by the body extending from an outer surface of the body to the cutout; at least one circuit element positioned within the cutout, wherein the cutout defines a size and geometry such that a gap is defined between the at least one circuit element and the edge to electromagnetically isolate the at least one circuit element from the body, wherein the cutout defined by the card body includes a first portion having a first geometry defined by the edge and a second portion having a second geometry defined by the edge.
 7. The card core of claim 6, wherein the first geometry and the second geometry are partially overlapping.
 8. The card core of claim 6, wherein a first circuit element is positioned in the first portion of the cutout and a second circuit element is positioned in the second portion of the cutout.
 9. The card core of claim 8, wherein the first circuit element is coupled to a plurality of contact pads positioned within the second portion of the cutout, and wherein the second circuit element is coupled to the first circuit element by the contact pads.
 10. The card core of claim 9, wherein the first circuit element is an antenna and the second circuit elements is a direct-contact System-on-Chip (SoC) element.
 11. The card core of claim 6, wherein the body comprises a conductive material.
 12. A credential card, comprising: a card core, comprising: a body comprising a conductive material defining a cutout and a discontinuity, wherein the cutout includes an opening in the body defined by an edge, and wherein the discontinuity includes a channel defined by the body extending from an outer surface of the body to the cutout; at least one circuit element positioned within the cutout, wherein the cutout defines a size and geometry such that a gap is defined between the at least one circuit element and the edge to electromagnetically isolate the at least one circuit element from the body; a first material layer disposed over a first side of the card core; and a second material layer disposed over a second side of the card core, wherein the first material layer and the second material layer are each coupled to the body of the card core in a first region of the credential card, wherein the first material layer is coupled to the second material layer in a second region of the credential card, and wherein the second region is substantially aligned with the cutout defined by the body of the card core.
 13. The credential card of claim 12, wherein the discontinuity comprises a sinuous line discontinuity including at least one curved portion and at least one straight line portion, and wherein the at least one curved portion and the at least one straight line portion together define at least one flexible finger configured to provide a flex profile similar to a continuous portion of the body when a force is applied to the credential card.
 14. The credential card of claim 13, wherein the sinuous line discontinuity is configured to distribute torque pressure evenly across a surface area of the credential card to avoid cracking or breaking of the credential card when a force is applied to the credential card.
 15. The credential card of claim 12, wherein the cutout defined by the card body includes a first portion having a first geometry defined by the edge and a second portion having a second geometry defined by the edge, and wherein the second region is substantially aligned with the first portion and the second portion.
 16. The credential card of claim 12, wherein the at least one circuit element comprises a first circuit element positioned in the first portion of the cutout.
 17. The credential card of claim 16, wherein the first circuit element is coupled to a plurality of contact pads positioned within the second portion of the cutout.
 18. The credential card of claim 17, comprising a second circuit element positioned in the second portion of the cutout, wherein the second circuit element is coupled to the first circuit element by the plurality of contact pads.
 19. The credential card of claim 16, wherein the first circuit element is an antenna.
 20. A method of forming a credential card, comprising: forming a cutout in a body of a card core, the cutout including an opening in the body defined by an edge; forming a sinuous line discontinuity in the body of the card core, wherein the discontinuity includes a channel defined by the body extending from an outer surface of the body to the cutout; positioning at least one circuit element within the cutout, wherein the cutout defines a size and geometry such that a gap is defined between at least one circuit element and the edge to electromagnetically isolate the at least one circuit element from the body; positioning a thermoplastic material layer over a first side of the card core; coupling the thermoplastic material layer to the body of the card core in a first region and the thermoplastic material layer to the at least one circuit element in a second region, wherein the second region is substantially aligned with the cutout defined by the body of the card core. 